Worry and the level of depression among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mediating role of illness acceptance

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e509

Keywords:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, habitual worry, depression, illness acceptance

Abstract

Aim. The purpose of the conducted study was to explore the role of cognitive processes, such as habitual worry, with regard to depressive mood in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), as well as the significance of illness acceptance in the form of personal asset and mediator in relation between worry and depression.
Material and Methods. The study involved 229 participants diagnosed with T1DM, who completed a set of self-description questionnaires. Assessment methods included The Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI), The Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).
Results. The results demonstrate that worry is positively correlated with depression. What is more, the relationship between habitual worry and depression was mediated through illness acceptance.
Conclusions. The impact of habitual worry on mental health in T1DM cannot be ignored. Moreover, the observed dependence suggests that depressive mood present in individuals with T1DM may persist, since overly worried patients do not accept their own illness. Strengthening patients’ acceptance of their condition and bringing up the topic of worry in the course of diabetes education, can be a powerful tool in depression prevention. Nevertheless, further research is necessary.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Tatoń J, Czech A. Diabetologia. Vol. 1. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL; 2001.

Fukuda H, Mizobe M. Impact of nonadherence on complication risks and healthcare costs in patients newly-diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Jan 1;123:55–62.

Simpson SH, Lin M, Eurich DT. Medication Adherence Affects Risk of New Diabetes Complications: A Cohort Study. Ann Pharmacother. 2016;50(9):741–6.

Chen Y, Sloan FA, Yashkin AP. Adherence to diabetes guidelines for screening, physical activity and medication and onset of complications and death. J Diabetes Complications. 2015 Nov 1;29(8):1228–33.

Sokol M, McGuigan K, Verbrugge R, Epstein R. Impact of Medication Adherence on Hospitalization Risk and Healthcare Cost. Med Care. 2005 Jun;43(6):521–30.

Hong J, Kang H. Relationship Between Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication Adherence and Hospitalization, Mortality, and Healthcare Costs in Adult Ambulatory Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in South Korea. Med Care. 2011;

Hilliard ME, Yi-Frazier JP, Hessler D, Butler AM, Anderson BJ, Jaser S. Stress and A1c Among People with Diabetes Across the Lifespan. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(8):67.

Reynolds KA, Helgeson VS. Children with diabetes compared to peers: depressed? Distressed? A meta-analytic review. Ann Behav Med Publ Soc Behav Med. 2011 Aug;42(1):29–41.

Kalra S, Jena BN, Yeravdekar R. Emotional and Psychological Needs of People with Diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Oct;22(5):696–704.

Nicolucci A, Kovacs Burns K, Holt RIG, Comaschi M, Hermanns N, Ishii H, et al. Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs second study (DAWN2TM): cross-national benchmarking of diabetes-related psychosocial outcomes for people with diabetes. Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc. 2013 Jul;30(7):767–77.

Nouwen A, Winkley K, Twisk J, Lloyd CE, Peyrot M, Ismail K, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2010 Dec;53(12):2480–6.

Chireh B, Li M, D’Arcy C. Diabetes increases the risk of depression: A systematic review, meta-analysis and estimates of population attributable fractions based on prospective studies. Prev Med Rep. 2019 Jun;14:100822.

Snoek FJ, Skinner TC. Psychological counselling in problematic diabetes: does it help? Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc. 2002 Apr;19(4):265–73.

Gonzalez JS, Peyrot M, McCarl LA, Collins EM, Serpa L, Mimiaga MJ, et al. Depression and diabetes treatment nonadherence: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2008 Dec;31(12):2398–403.

American Diabetes Association. 5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan 1;44(Supplement 1):S53–72.

Zhuang Q-S, Shen L, Ji H-F. Quantitative assessment of the bidirectional relationships between diabetes and depression. Oncotarget. 2017 Apr 4;8(14):23389–400.

Ziarko M. Struggling with the stress of chronic illness. Poznan, Poland: Faculty of Social Sciences Press, Adam Mickiewicz University; 2014.

Helgeson VS, Zajdel M. Adjusting to Chronic Health Conditions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2017 Jan 3;68(1):545–71.

Stanton AL, Revenson TA, Tennen H. Health psychology: psychological adjustment to chronic disease. Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:565–92.

Dekker J, de Groot V. Psychological adjustment to chronic disease and rehabilitation - an exploration. Disabil Rehabil [Internet]. 2018 Jan [cited 2021 May 16];40(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27830936/

de Ridder D, Geenen R, Kuijer R, van Middendorp H. Psychological adjustment to chronic disease. Lancet Lond Engl. 2008 Jul 19;372(9634):246–55.

Moss-Morris R. Adjusting to chronic illness: Time for a unified theory. Br J Health Psychol. 2013;18(4):681–6.

Leventhal H, Phillips LA, Burns E. The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM): a dynamic framework for understanding illness self-management. J Behav Med. 2016 Dec;39(6):935–46.

Lazarus R, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984.

Purdon C, Harrington J. Worry in psychopathology. In: Worry and its psychological disorders Theory, assessment and treatment. London: John Wiley & Sons; 2006. p. 41–50.

Starcevic V. Pathological worry in major depression: a preliminary report. Behav Res Ther. 1995 Jan 1;33(1):55–6.

Papageorgiou C. Worry and rumination: styles of persistent negative thinking in anxiety and depression. In: Worry and its psychological disorders Theory, assessment and treatment. London: John Wiley & Sons; 2006.

Ziarko M, Jasielska A, Mielcarek M. Habitual worry as a factor sustaining depressive symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Przegląd Psychol. 2018;61(1):567–79.

Anderson RM. Patient Empowerment and the Traditional Medical Model: A case of irreconcilable differences? Diabetes Care. 1995 Mar 1;18(3):412–5.

Papageorgiou C, Wells A. Nature, functions, and beliefs about depressive ruminations. In: Depressive rumination: Nature, theory and treatment. London: John Wiley & Sons; 2004. p. 3–20.

Wells A. The anxious thoughts inventory and related measures of metacognition and worry. In: Worry and its psychological disorders Theory, assessment and treatment. London: John Wiley & Sons; 2006. p. 121–36.

Zalewska A, Miniszewska J, Chodkiewicz J, Narbutt J. Acceptance of chronic illness in psoriasis vulgaris patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21(2):235–42.

McCracken LM, Eccleston C. Coping or acceptance: what to do about chronic pain? Pain. 2003 Sep 1;105(1):197–204.

Brandtstädter J, Rothermund K. The Life-Course Dynamics of Goal Pursuit and Goal Adjustment: A Two-Process Framework. Dev Rev. 2002 Mar 1;22(1):117–50.

Felton BJ, Revenson TA, Hinrichsen GA. Stress and coping in the explanation of psychological adjustment among chronically ill adults. Soc Sci Med. 1984 Jan 1;18(10):889–98.

Moos R, Schaefer J. Coping resources and processes. In: Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects. New York: The Free Press; 1993. p. 234–45.

McCracken LM. Contextual cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Seattle: IASP Press; 2005.

Basińska M, Zalewska-Rydzkowska D, Wolańska P, Junik R. Dispositional optimism and acceptance of illness among a group of individuals with Graves-Basedow’s disease. Pol J Endocrinol. 2008;59(1):23–8.

Obiegło M, Uchmanowicz I, Wleklik M, Jankowska-Polańska B, Kuśmierz M. The effect of acceptance of illness on the quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Oct 10]; Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1474515114564929

Skorupska- Król A, Szewczyk I, Kurleto P. Quality of life and illness acceptance among patients suffering from persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Państwo Społecz. 19(1):27–41.

Lewko J, Polityńska B, Kochanowicz J, Zarzycki W, Okruszko A, Sierakowska M, et al. Quality of life and its relationship to the degree of illness acceptance in patients with diabetes and peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Adv Med Sci. 2007;52 Suppl 1:144–6.

Kurpas D, Czech T, Mroczek B. Illness acceptance in patients with diabetes and its influence on the quality of life and the subjective assessment of health. Fam Med Prim Care. 2012;14(3):383–8.

Pantlinowska D, Antczak A. Effect of disease acceptance on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. Innow W Pielęgniarstwie Nauk O Zdrowiu. 2016;(4):32–9.

Wells A. A multi-dimensional measure of worry: Development and preliminary validation of the Anxious Thoughts Inventory. Anxiety Stress Coping Int J. 1994;6(4):289–99.

Juczyński Z. Narzędzia pomiaru w promocji zdrowia. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego; 2001.

Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Appl Psychol Meas [Internet]. 2016 Jul 26 [cited 2020 Oct 10]; Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/014662167700100306

Ziarko M, Kaczmarek ŁD, Haładziński P. Polish version of Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D): results of a preliminary study on the psychometric properties of the scale. Curr Issues Personal Psychol. 2014;1(1):51–61.

Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods. 2008 Aug 1;40(3):879–91.

Mathews A. Why worry? The cognitive function of anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 1990 Jan 1;28(6):455–68.

Tallis F, Eysenck MW. Worry: Mechanisms and modulating influences. Behav Cogn Psychother. 1994;22(1):37–56.

Matthews G, Funke G. Worry and information-processing. In: Worry and its psychological disorders Theory, assessment and treatment. London: John Wiley & Sons; 2006.

Polish Diabetes Association. 2021 Guidelines on the management of patients with diabetes. A position of Diabetes Poland. Clin Diabetol. 2021;10(1):1–113.

Heszen-Cielińska I, Sęk H. Psychologia zdrowia. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; 2020.

Lebel S, Mutsaers B, Tomei C, Leclair CS, Jones G, Petricone-Westwood D, et al. Health anxiety and illness-related fears across diverse chronic illnesses: A systematic review on conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, course, and correlates. PLOS ONE. 2020 Jul 27;15(7):e0234124.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-29

Issue

Section

Original Papers

How to Cite

1.
Krawczyk J, Ziarko M, Mojs E, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz D. Worry and the level of depression among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mediating role of illness acceptance. JMS [Internet]. 2021 Jun. 29 [cited 2024 Nov. 4];90(2):e509. Available from: https://jmsnew.ump.edu.pl/index.php/JMS/article/view/509
Received 2021-03-15
Accepted 2021-05-18
Published 2021-06-29