Leucocytes and Th-associated cytokine profile of HIV-leishmaniasis coinfected patients attending the Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Idris Nasir Abdullahi; Anthony Uchenna Emeribe; Hafeez Aderinsayo Adekola; Habiba Yahaya Muhammad; Abdurrahman El-fulaty Ahmad; Abubakar Umar Anka; Shamsuddeen Haruna; Bamidele Soji Oderinde; Yusuf Mohammed; Halima Ali Shuwa; Adamu Babayo

doi:10.20883/medical.408

Authors

Idris Nasir Abdullahi Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-1272
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-8595
Hafeez Aderinsayo Adekola Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-3315
Habiba Yahaya Muhammad Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-1094
Abdurrahman El-fulaty Ahmad Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-8346
Abubakar Umar Anka Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-8284
Shamsuddeen Haruna Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-6685
Bamidele Soji Oderinde Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4420-8607
Yusuf Mohammed Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-9217
Halima Ali Shuwa Department of Community Health, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-0360
Adamu Babayo Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-486X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.408

Keywords:

Cellular Immunity, Cytokines, Leishmaniasis, Pro-inflammation, HIV co-infection

Abstract

Introduction. T-helper cells (Th)-1& -2 cytokines homeostasis control orpredict clinical outcome of infected persons, especially those with HIV /AIDS. This case-control study evaluated the leucocytes differentials, TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2 and -10 levels among HIV infected persons with serological evidence of leishmaniasis attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Material and Methods. Blood samples from 28 HIV infected persons who had Leishmania donovani rK39 and IgG positive (group 1), 30 age- & -sex matched HIV infected persons without Leishmania antibodies (group 2) and 30 apparently healthy persons without HIV and Leishmania antibodies (group 3). Full blood counts, TNF alpha, IL-2 and -10 levels were analyzed using automated hematology analyzer and ELISA, respectively. Structured questionnaires were used to collate biodata and clinical presentations of participants.

Results. Ten (35.7%) participants in group 1 were on ART, 15 (50%) in group 2 were on ART, while group 3 were ART naïve. There were significantly higher values in basophil (4.4 ± 2.5%) and eosinophil counts (12.9 ± 3.8%) in HIV/leishmania coinfected persons (p ˂ 0.005). However, other white cells subpopulation was significantly lower in HIV/leishmania co-infected participants (p ˂ 0.05). There was significantly reduced CD4+ T cell counts ([119 ± 26 versus 348 ± 63 versus 605 ± 116 cells/mm³]), TNF-alpha ([36.82 ± 8.21 versus 64.67 ± 12.54 versus 254.98 ± 65.59 pg/mL]) and IL-2 levels ([142.14 ± 20.91 versus 507.6 ± 84.42 versus 486.62 ± 167.87 pg/mL]) among HIV/Leishmania co-infected participants compared to group 2 and group 3 participants, respectively. However, higher IL-10 level (80.35 ± 14.57 pg/mL) was found in HIV/Leishmania co-infected participants as opposed to the HIV mono-infected (62.2 ± 10.43 pg/mL) and apparently healthy persons (23.97 ± 4.88 pg/mL) (p ˂ 0.001).

Conclusion. Eosinophil, basophil counts and serum IL-10 level were high in HIV/Leishmania coinfected persons, demonstrating parasite-induced hypersensitivity and immunosuppression.

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